Vampire Academy Chapter 3

THREE SENDING US STRAIGHT TO CLASS after our gathering appeared past barbarous, yet that is actually what Kirova did. Lissa was driven away, and I watched her go, happy the bond would permit me to continue perusing her passionate temperature. They really sent me to one of the direction instructors first. He was an old Moroi fellow, one I recalled from before I'd left. I genuinely couldn't accept he was still near. The person was so cracking old, he ought to have resigned. Or then again passed on. The visit took all of five minutes. He didn't utter a word about my arrival and posed a couple of inquiries about what classes I'd taken in Chicago and Portland. He thought about those against my old record and hurriedly scribbled out another timetable. I took it grimly and took off to my top notch. first Period Advanced Guardian Combat Techniques second Period Bodyguard Theory and Personal Protection 3 third Period Weight Training and Conditioning fourth Period Senior Language Arts (Novices) - Lunch †fifth Period Animal Behavior and Physiology sixth Period Pre-math seventh Period Moroi Culture 4 eighth Period Slavic Art Ugh. I'd overlooked to what extent the Academy's school day was. Tenderfoots and Moroi took separate classes during the primary portion of the day, which implied I wouldn't see Lissa until after lunch †in the event that we had any evening classes together. A large portion of them were standard senior classes, so I felt my chances were quite acceptable. Slavic workmanship struck me as the sort of elective nobody pursued, so ideally they'd put her in there as well. Dimitri and Alberta accompanied me to the watchmen's rec center for first period, neither one of the ones recognizing my reality. Strolling behind them, I perceived how Alberta wore her hair in a short, pixie trim that gave her guarantee mark and molnija marks. A ton of female watchmen did this. It didn't make a difference such a great amount for me now, since my neck had no tattoos yet, yet I would not like to ever trim my hair. She and Dimitri didn't utter a word and strolled along practically like it was some other day. At the point when we showed up, the responses of my friends demonstrated it was definitely not. They were sincerely busy setting up when we entered the exercise center, and simply like in the house, everyone's eyes fell on me. I was unable to choose if I felt like a hero or a carnival crack. Good, at that point. In the event that I would have been stuck here for some time, I wasn't going to act scared of all any longer. Lissa and I had once held this current school's regard, and the time had come to help everybody to remember that. Examining the gazing, surprised amateurs, I searched for a recognizable face. The majority of them were folks. One got my attention, and I could scarcely keep down my smile. â€Å"Hey Mason, clear the slobber off your face. In case you're going to consider me exposed, do it all alone time.† A couple of grunts and chuckles ended the awed quiet, and Mason Ashford woke up from his dimness, giving me a disproportionate grin. With red hair that stood up all over the place and a sprinkling of spots, he was decent looking, however not actually hot. He was additionally one of the most clever folks I knew. We'd been old buddies some time ago. â€Å"This is my time, Hathaway. I'm driving the present session.† â€Å"Oh yeah?† I answered. â€Å"Huh. All things considered, I surmise this is a decent an ideal opportunity to consider me bare, then.† â€Å"It's consistently a decent a chance to consider you naked,† included somebody close by, breaking the pressure further. Eddie Castile. Another companion of mine. Dimitri shook his head and strolled off, murmuring something in Russian that didn't sound complimentary. However, with respect to me?â ­well, much the same as that, I was one of the fledglings once more. They were an accommodating bundle, less centered around family and legislative issues than the Moroi understudies. The class inundated me, and I ended up chuckling and seeing those I'd almost overlooked. Everybody needed to realize where we'd been; evidently Lissa and I had become legends. I was unable to disclose to them for what reason we'd left, obviously, so I presented a great deal of insults and wouldn't-you-like-to-realizes that served similarly also. The glad get-together endured a couple of more minutes before the grown-up gatekeeper who managed the preparation came over and chided Mason for dismissing his obligations. As yet smiling, he yelped out requests to everybody, disclosing what activities to begin with. Precariously I understood I didn't know the vast majority of them. â€Å"Come on, Hathaway,† he stated, taking my arm. â€Å"You can be my accomplice. We should perceive what you've been doing this time.† After an hour, he had his answer. â€Å"Not rehearsing, huh?† â€Å"Ow,† I moaned, quickly unequipped for ordinary discourse. He broadened a hand and helped me up from the tangle he'd wrecked me on †around multiple times. â€Å"I detest you,† I let him know, scouring a spot on my thigh that would have an insidious wound tomorrow. â€Å"You'd abhor me more in the event that I held back.† â€Å"Yeah, that is true,† I concurred, faltering along as the class set the hardware back. â€Å"You really did okay.† â€Å"What? I simply had my rear end gave to me.† â€Å"Well, obviously you did. It's been two years. Be that as it may, hello, you're despite everything strolling. That is something.† He smiled jokingly. â€Å"Did I notice I loathe you?† He flashed me another grin, which immediately blurred to something increasingly genuine. â€Å"Don't take this an inappropriate way? ­I mean, you truly are a scrapper, however it is highly unlikely you'll have the option to take your preliminaries in the spring †â€Å" â€Å"They're making me take additional training sessions,† I clarified. Not that it made a difference. I anticipated getting Lissa and me out of here before these practices truly turned into an issue. â€Å"I'll be ready.† â€Å"Extra meetings with who?† â€Å"That tall person. Dimitri.† Artisan quit strolling and gazed at me. â€Å"You're investing additional effort with Belikov?† â€Å"Yeah, so what?† â€Å"So the man is a god.† â€Å"Exaggerate much?† I inquired. â€Å"No, I'm not kidding. That is to say, he's all tranquil and standoffish as a rule, however when he fights?â ­wow. On the off chance that you believe you're harming now, you will be dead when he's finished with you.† Amazing. Another thing to improve my day. I elbowed him and proceeded to second time frame. That class secured the basics of being a guardian and was required for all seniors. All things considered, it was the third in an arrangement that had begun junior year. That implied I was behind in this class as well, yet I trusted ensuring Lissa in reality had given me some knowledge. Our teacher was Stan Alto, whom we alluded to just as â€Å"Stan† despite his good faith and â€Å"Guardian Alto† in formal settings. He was somewhat more established than Dimitri, yet not close to as tall, and he generally looked irritated. Today, that look increased when he strolled into the study hall and saw me staying there. His eyes extended in mock astonishment as he circumnavigated the room and came to remain next to my work area. â€Å"What's this? Nobody revealed to me we had a visitor speaker here today. Rose Hathaway. What a benefit! How exceptionally liberal of you to remove time from your bustling timetable and offer your insight with us.† I felt my cheeks consuming, however in an incredible demonstration of restraint, I prevented myself from reprimanding him to fuck. I'm almost certain my face more likely than not conveyed that message, be that as it may, in light of the fact that his scoff expanded. He motioned for me to hold up. â€Å"Well, please, please. Try not to stay there! Come up to the front so you can assist me with addressing the class.† I sank into my seat. â€Å"You don't generally mean †â€Å" The insulting grin evaporated. â€Å"I mean precisely what I state, Hathaway. Go to the front of the class.† A thick quietness wrapped the room. Stan was a frightening teacher, and a large portion of the class was too awed to even consider laughing at my disrespect yet. Declining to break, I walked up to the front of the room and went to confront the class. I gave them an intense look and hurled my hair over my shoulders, acquiring a couple of thoughtful grins from my companions. I at that point saw I had a bigger crowd than anticipated. A couple of gatekeepers †including Dimitri †waited in the rear of the room. Outside the Academy, watchmen concentrated on one-on-one insurance. Here, watchmen had much more individuals to ensure and they needed to prepare the amateurs. So instead of chase after any one individual, they worked shifts guarding the school in general and observing classes. â€Å"So, Hathaway,† said Stan happily, walking around up to the front with me. â€Å"Enlighten us about your defensive techniques.† â€Å"My? ­techniques?† â€Å"Of course. Since apparently you more likely than not had a type of plan all of us couldn't comprehend when you removed an underage Moroi illustrious from the Academy and presented her to steady Strigoi threats.† It was the Kirova address once more, aside from with more observers. â€Å"We never ran into any Strigoi,† I answered solidly. â€Å"Obviously,† he said with a giggle. â€Å"I effectively made sense of that, seeing as how you're still alive.† I needed to yell that possibly I could have crushed a Strigoi, however in the wake of getting beat up in the last class, I currently speculated I was unable to have endure an assault by Mason, not to mention a real Strigoi. At the point when I didn't utter a word, Stan began pacing before the class. â€Å"So what'd you do? How'd you ensure she remained safe? Did you abstain from going out at night?† â€Å"Sometimes.† That was genuine †particularly when we'd initially fled. We'd loosened up a short while after months passed by without any assaults. â€Å"Sometimes,† he rehashed in a sharp voice, making my answer sound unimaginably idiotic. â€Å"Well at that point, I guess you rested during the day and remained careful at night.† â€Å"Er? ­no.† â€Å"No? Be that as it may, that is one of the main things referenced in the section on solo guarding. Hold up for a second, you wouldn't realize that since you weren't here.† I gulped back more swear words. â€Å"I viewed the zone at whatever point we wen

The Han and Rome Essay Example for Free

The Han and Rome Essay From 206 B.C.E. 220 C.E., the Han tradition, in China, amassed numerous political control techniques, as did Imperial Rome ruling from 31 B.C.E. †476 C.E. Be that as it may, there were a larger number of contrasts than similitudes between the two domains/traditions. Two primary contrasts were China and Rome’s regional extension and their political ways of thinking (order of paradise and government). A comparability between these two realms would be their incorporated government receiving administration. China put their trust in the command of paradise, which is a Chinese political hypothesis that gave people with great influence the option to run from a celestial power. Royal Rome depended on a government framework, which put Augustus Caesar (Julius Caesar’s child) into power. Another factor that separated Han China and Imperial Rome was their regional extension. Royal Rome extended from Italy to Spain, Gaul, Macedonia, Asia Minor, Egypt, Greece and Britannia. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that Han China extends all through Asia, they believed they didn't have to grow a lot to support their capacity. In any case, what permitted Han China and Imperial Rome to look like one another, was there brought together administrations. This is an administration framework where the entirety of the significant choices are made by one or a couple of experts in a district. Rowland 2 Han China (206 B.C.E. 220 C.E.) and Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. †476 C.E.) segregate more with their political strategies, than identify with each other. Two qualifications would be their political ways of thinking, command of paradise and government, and their regional extension ideas. One viewpoint that helped them identify with each other was that they shared the perfect of a concentrated organization.

New ZigZag video podcast behind the scenes

New ZigZag video podcast behind the scenes A new and different episode of ZigZag, MITs video podcast, is up check it out! Let us know what you think, either in the comments section below or at the ZigZag comments box. The idea for this episode actually came up last semester over a lunch meeting at the Forbes Family Cafe in the Stata Center. I was chatting with the folks at Academic Media Production Services (AMPS): the people behind ZigZag. Asking me for ideas for a future episode, I said, what if we did a theme episode, one just looking at the lives of MIT freshmen? I think people are very curious about what it would be like to be a first semester student on campus. From there, we went about contacting students and setting up a production schedule. I sent out an email to a dozen random (and awesome) freshmen that I know well, to see who might be interested. I found five who would be around for the filming and who were excited to participate. So, a few weeks back, we sat down to talk with all five students. We chatted with Jenn and Star in a classroom in Building 1, with Minh in her dorm, McCormick Hall, with Waciuma at the Pierce Boathouse, and with Evan at his dorm, Burton-Conner. Of course, this was all squeezed between my reading applications and the busy schedules of the five students. Following the interviews, AMPS captured the B roll footage you see in the video, including Star at MITERS, Jenn rowing crew, Evan with FIRST Team 97, Minh in class, and Waciuma at the foundry. David from AMPS produced this episode of ZigZag, working late into the night this week to cut down hours of footage into a six minute video. Alas, there was so much good stuff to show, but a lot of really cool stuff had to be left on the cutting room floor (not literally, of course its all done by computer these days). Kudos to David and the whole team at AMPS. Hopefully this episode was interesting and entertaining to watch. I know I had a good time helping to put it together.

The History of Black Videos Aired on MTV

When MTV launched in 1981, viewers struggled to find videos featuring black artists. The network so sparingly showcased African Americans in its early days that Rick James and David Bowie publicly took it to task.  Despite the channels embrace of black musicians such as Beyonce,  Jay-Z  and  Kanye West  today,  theres no denying  MTVs  rocky history with  black music. So, how did MTV shift from shutting African American musicians out in the early 1980s to routinely spotlighting their contributions decades later? A brief history of the channel’s progress regarding race helps to answer that question. Did MTV Exclude Black Videos?   When MTV debuted on Aug. 1, 1981, at least one black face on the network was a mainstay. It belonged to J.J. Jackson, the sole African American on MTVs roster of video jockeys, or VJs as they became known. Despite Jackson’s presence on MTV through 1986, the network faced allegations of racism for giving scant airtime to videos featuring people of color. MTV executives have denied that racism was at the root of the network’s â€Å"blackout,† saying that black artists received little airplay because their music didn’t fit the channel’s rock-based format. â€Å"MTV was originally designed to be a rock music channel,† said Buzz Brindle, MTV’s former director of music programming, to Jet magazine in 2006. â€Å"It was difficult for MTV to find African American artists whose music fit the channel’s format that leaned toward rock at the outset.† With so few black rockers, adding African Americans to MTV’s roster proved difficult, according to the network’s co-founder Les Garland, whom  Jet also interviewed. â€Å"We had nothing to pick from,† Garland explained. â€Å"Fifty percent of my time was spent in the early days of MTV convincing artists to make music videos and convincing record labels to put up money to make those videos†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One artist needed no convincing. He’d even made a video for â€Å"Dont Stop ’Til You Get Enough,† a cut from his 1979 album Off the Wall. But when approached by Michael Jackson’s  record label, would MTV agree to play his  music videos? How the King of Pop Changed MTV It took major prodding to get MTV to play â€Å"Billie Jean,† the second track from Jackson’s 1982 album Thriller. Released Jan. 2, 1983, the single would go on to top the Billboard 100 chart for seven weeks, but Walter Yetnikoff, president of CBS Records Group, reportedly had to threaten to remove all other CBS videos from MTV before the network agreed to air the video for â€Å"Billie Jean.†Ã‚   Garland  denied such a confrontation occurred, telling Jet that the network began playing the video on its own. â€Å"There was never any hesitation. No fret,† he said. Based on his account, MTV aired the video the same day that executives screened it. However â€Å"Billie Jean† ended up on the network, there’s little doubt that it changed the course of MTV. The first video by a black artist to receive heavy rotation on the network, â€Å"Billie Jean† opened up the door for other artists of color to be featured on MTV. â€Å"Billie Jean† also paved the way for Michael Jackson to star in the 14-minute music video â€Å"Thriller,† the most expensive music video ever made at the time. â€Å"Thriller† debuted Dec. 2, 1983. It proved so popular that it was released as a home video that  went on to become a record-breaking bestseller. Rock Music Takes a Backseat Black recording artists such as Michael Jackson, Prince and Whitney Houston dominated the pop and RB charts in the 1980s. During the same period, however, another urban art form was commanding the music industry’s attention—hip-hop. The films Beat Street  and Krush Groove  paid homage to hip-hop in the first half of the decade. By the second half, MTV had taken notice. It debuted its hip-hop-centered program â€Å"Yo! MTV Raps† on Aug. 6, 1988. According to USA Today, the show was the first ever to exclusively focus on hip-hop. (BETs Rap City premiered the following year.) â€Å"Yo! MTV Raps†Ã‚  aired on MTV for seven years. The program opened the door for â€Å"MTV Jams,† a program with an urban music focus that premiered in 1996. Although MTV began with a rock format in mind, the popularity of pop music, hip-hop, and RB among the general public left the network no choice but to diversify its playlists. By the late 1990s, rock music received increasingly less airplay on the channel as boy bands, Disney starlets, and rappers gained ground with audiences, and rock music recovered from the death of grunge. Black VJs MTV may have been criticized for failing to showcase black recording artists from the outset, but it has always included African American VJs among its staff, starting with the late J.J. Jackson. Other notable MTV VJs of color include Downtown Julie Brown, Daisy Fuentes, Idalis, Bill Bellamy, and Ananda Lewis. On shows such as the long-running â€Å"Real World,† MTV makes a point to showcase cast members from diverse backgrounds, albeit often stereotypically. Cartoon Controversy Although MTV has made considerable gains in diversity over the decades, the network has suffered race-related controversies in the 21st century. In 2006, it drew backlash for airing a cartoon that featured black women as canines — tethered, squatting on all fours, and defecating. The networks then-president, Christina Norman, defended the cartoon, calling it a parody of an appearance rapper Snoop Dogg had made with two black women wearing neck collars and chains. Black activists found this response unacceptable. But as they lobbed their accusations of racism and misogyny at the network, they had to take into account one major development at MTV: A  woman of color ran the channel. That’s right; Christina Norman is black. She served as president of MTV from 2005 to 2008. The cartoon controversy reveals that  during Norman’s tenure, MTV still had much-needed lessons to learn about race. But her rise to the top also indicated that the network accused of shutting out black recording artists now welcomed  diversity both on its airwaves and in its boardroom. Programming That Challenges Racial Bias In 2014, through a partnership with David Binder Research, MTV conducted a study of bias among the millennial generation. Soon after, it launched the website Look Different, a resource for young people wishing to fight for greater equality among marginalized peoples.  Ã‚   A year later, MTVs vice president of public affairs, Ronnie Cho, announced that MTV would create and sponsor ongoing programming designed to  change attitudes and behaviors around racial bias.  Included in that programming was MTVs July 22, 2015, premier of the documentary  White People, in which Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Jose Antonio Vargas traveled across the country speaking to white millennials about topics like privilege and race relations.

Ethical Issues in Knowledge Management (Km) - 2717 Words

INTRODUCTION Knowledge Management (KM) has never attained so much publicity as it has in recent years. It is a relatively new facet in organisations and also in educational institutions. Today, it is of utmost importance in the corporate world. The definition of KM has been defined and redefined by various experts through all these years. KM is defined as the tools, techniques and strategies which are essential to retain, analyse, organise improve and share business knowledge. (Groff Jones 2003: 2) There are many aspects of KM which include KM Strategy, KM Systems, and KM Culture etc. But, of all these constituents of KM, one important and essential ingredient is Ethical issues. According to the Webster dictionary, â€Å"Ethics is the part†¦show more content†¦This is where the issue of trust arises and employees are reluctant to share their knowledge. Outside the organisation, some firms may use other firms’ logos, names or taglines. This can lead to copyright infringements and trademarks violations. Intellectual Property Rights chiefly consist of two core elements: 1. Copyright 2. Trademark 1. Copyright Copyright means the ownership of an original work created by creator or author. (Awad Ghaziri 2003: 393) It is a form of Intellectual Property that we can feel and take a look at. The contents comprise of printed media like newspaper articles, textbooks, movies, music etc. Copyright Law means that the creator or the author of that particular product has full rights to prohibit others from reproducing and distributing his/her work of the original creator. (Awad Ghaziri 2003: 393) This is the reason why there is a â€Å" ©Ã¢â‚¬  logo on every book or article. If the users of such articles reproduce the original document or the like, without the creator’s permission or knowledge, the creator can sue the user on the terms of copyright infringement. 2. Trademark According to Microsoft’s Encarta 96 Encyclopaedia, Trademark means any word, symbol, or an image that represents a company or a product. It is represented by the symbol â€Å"â„ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  after the company’s name or the product’s name. It is used to distinguish the good from other products or business name in the market.Show MoreRelatedAce Products And The Organizational Processes1706 Words   |  7 PagesACE’s IKMS and the organizational processes: Culture: Ace chemical is an organization where management care people, satisfaction and finance more than technology however knowledge management system is a technology in a complete means. Image: Culture IKM: Workingknowledge-csp.com, 2015 On the other hand it is said that knowledge management system is more than just a piece of application. 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Night Free Essays

Night’s Wrath In the passage Night by Elie Wiesel, Wiesel reveals that during the hard times, you have the will to do what you believe in, through imagery and dialogue brings meaning of Elie and Juliek in their moments between life and death. First, when Juliek says â€Å"Alright Elizer†¦. I’m getting on all right†¦hardly any air. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now . worn out. My feet are swollen. It’s good rest, but my violin†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dialogue reveals that Juliek still cares about his violin then anything else like food or even his own life. Second, â€Å"It was pitch dark. I could hear only the violin, and it was a s though Juliek’s soul were the bow. He was playing his life, the whole of his life ws gliding on the strings – his lost hopes, his charred past, his extinguished future. He played as he would never play again. † Imagery reveals that he was playing the best he could, his last act, final ending to his life and talent. Also imagery shows that Juliek is playing his soul as if his whole life depended on it, his soul and the violin synchronizing in tune. Third, Elizer says, â€Å"I shall never forget Juliek. How could I forget that concert, given to an audience of dying and dead man! To this day, whenever I hear Beethoven played my eyes close and out of dark rises the sad, pale face of my Polish friend, as he said farewell on his violin to an audience of dying men. Dialogue tells that after he finished Juliek passed away and Elie will never forget this performance, scarred into his memory even when the harsh times come, you have the will to change what’s coming. Finally, after a long cold night, Elie wakes up, â€Å"Near him lay his violin, smashed and trampled, a strange overwhelming little corpse. Juliek’s life was like the violin; somehow they both shared a bond. It was his choice to die, he died heroically, you can have the will to do what you believe in. How to cite Night, Essay examples Night Free Essays In the fascinating memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, he deals with the struggle of surviving, which was devastating since it was during the holocaust. In the memoir Night, Wiesel uses Symbolism, Simile, and Irony in order to illustrate the events during the holocaust. Wiesel’s use of Symbolism helped the reader understand the captivity of the Jews in the concentration camps. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now †Father, I said â€Å"If that is true then I don’t want to wait.I’ll run into the electrified barbed wire. That would be easier than a slow death in the flames. †(33). Wiesel uses his symbolism when he said â€Å"the electrified barbed wire. † It’s being used to show the reader that this is how the atmosphere was during the holocaust. Elie Wiesel, in his autobiography Night, his use of Simile helps the reader to understand the brutal atmosphere of the German Police. There are 80 of you in the car, the German Officer added,† if any of you are missing, you will be shot like dogs. †(24). He uses his simile language when the train (that the Jews were on) stopped and was guarded by two German police officers. It’s being used to portray the atmosphere of the brutal officers of the Germans.In Elie Wiesel’s Night, Wiesel uses Irony in order to help the reader understand the atmosphere on the train which the Jews were on. â€Å"Fire! I see a fire! I see a fire! (24). Wiesel uses the Irony figurative language when the Jews were on the train to the concentration camps. It was being used to illustrate the savage atmosphere of humans being killed in a huge fire! So Wiesel’s use of Symbolism, Simile, and Irony were in fact helped the reader understand all the events that he wrote about during the holocaust. His point view of the holocaust was very graphic! Even though we never knew about this this is a very historical event on this planet. How to cite Night, Papers Night Free Essays Changes between Ell and his father The concentration camps had a very negative effect on the people who ran them and the people in them: â€Å"l had to appear cold and indifferent to events that must have wrung the heart of anyone possessed of human feelings†. The guards questioned the orders they were given but they blocked out their doubts and replaced them with a cold and prideful attitude towards their camps. Throughout the book Night and in the article Commanding a Concentration Camp by Rudolf Hosts, the traders of the camp would act out against the prisoners, causing a negative effect on them and how they treat each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now The beatings and punishments would have a negative affect on both the prisoners and the guards. The events and treatments of Ell and his father caused a change in their relationship throughout their time In the camps. In the beginning of the story, Ell and his father are not close. Else’s father Is involved In the community more than In his own family: â€Å"more Involved with the welfare of others than with his own Lie does not have a close relationship with his father because he is too caught up in the community issues. His â€Å"cultured† father comes off cold and distant to his family. He has not had to rely on his family for support because he has been the one to make decisions since everything had been going well. The first camp the Jews arrive at is Bureau. When they arrive the men and women are separated. Ell does not see his mother or sister ever again: † I kept walking, my father holding my hand†(29). This is the second time his father has let down his â€Å"cultured† behavior by showing weakness, the first time being when he cried In front of his family: † My father was crying. It was the first time I saw him Ell allows his father to be dependent on him by holding his hand. The camp causes Lie to grow up quickly and take on the responsibility of taking care of his father. While working in Bunya, Elli and his father are supervised by an unstable man named Ides. One day Ides starts beating Else’s father: â€Å"he seemed to break in two like an old tree struck by Lie watched him get beaten, but he does not do anything: â€Å"l had watched it all happening without moving. I kept Ell does not think of defending his father like he had before when in Bureau: â€Å"only yesterday, I would have dug my nails into this criminal’s flesh†(39). Instead of wanting to defend him, Ell gets angry that his father would not try harder to avoid Ides: â€Å"if I felt anger at that moment, It was not directed at the Kapok but at my father†(54). The camp has made Ell realize he must watch out for himself and that his father deserves what happens; he must also learn to avoid It. Bunya is going to be attacked by the Russians and the prisoners are given the my mind to accompany my father wherever he went†(82). Although Else’s father may slow him down he still cares enough for him to want to stay with him. Lie and his father choose to evacuate with the others and end up in Buchwald. When they arrive they are told once again to line up: † I tightened my grip on my fathers hand†(104). Just like his father had grabbed his hand in the first camp Lie is now reaching for his fathers hand. Although the camps have been harsh and have broken down the prisoners, Lie still has the need to be with his father: â€Å"The old familiar fear: not to lose him†(104). Else’s father is very tired and weak but Lie stays with him anyway and tries to keep him alive. Else’s father is very sick and weak after the long Journey to Buchwald. He is dying. Lie stays with him in the sick room whenever he has the chance. Lie â€Å"grudgingly’ gives his father his soup because his father is so close to death that feeding him is considered a waste of food. Else’s father even runs by him and for a moment does not recognize his own son who has been caring for him. His father becomes delusional and one night he screams out, making too much noise. An officer comes over to his bed and beats him while Ell, again, watches his father be beaten: â€Å"my body was afraid, of another blow, this time to my head†(111). When Lie awakens the next morning he finds that his father is gone: â€Å"Free at last! â€Å"(1 12). Lie does not cry, f anything he is relieved from the burden of his father. The camps made Lie cold and passive towards the fact that his father had died. Lie and his father’s relationship changed throughout their time together in the concentration camps. At first Else’s father was cold and distant but he became dependent on Lie throughout the time in camp. Ell, who had originally respected and depended on his father, ends up taking care of his father and realizes that, although he is a burden, Lie cannot leave him behind. Once Else’s father dies Lie moves on from the death and learns to function without his father. Instead of being saddened by his fathers death Lie is cold and even relieved. Just like the workers of the camp became cold to the fact that many men were being killed around them: â€Å"it was psychologically essential that I myself appear convinced of the necessity for this gruesomely harsh order†, Lie is the one who becomes cold to his fathers death. Else’s father begins the book being a cold and distant father, but after his death Lie becomes cold to his death. The camps caused both workers and prisoners to block out the tragedies that went on within the walls. How to cite Night, Papers

Professional Values and Ethics Paper free essay sample

They allow you to accomplish your goals as well as your dreams in life. Different cultures of people have different values and beliefs. As we grow into adults we learn our own set of values as well as understanding the values of others. Values give us the freedom to express ourselves and the things that really matter to us. They allowed our ancestors to stand up for the things they believed in. Values influence the choices we make and help mold us into leaders and not followers. With a clear set of values comes credibility and loyalty to others, which allows us to a have deter clarity and focus on the directions we take in life.Ethics are the foundation for personal and professional excellence. Defined as a set of standards, which actions are determined to be right or wrong (Owen, p. 27). They are used to establish rules of conduct; created through a comprehensive framework of communication and behavioral expectation. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Values and Ethics Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are critical to the success of any business (Chillers, p. 34). Ethics are used as an ambitious solution for problems posed by diversity within a profession; they are constructed as an additional set of ethical guidelines focused on reticular functions and fields of business (Croà »ton, p. ). They are important for maintaining professional cohesion and identity within a group (Croà »ton, p. 5). Creating this culture allows business to gain trust and loyalty from their employees and customers. Three Sources of Professional Values and Ethics Three sources of professional values and ethics would be Professional integrity, academic integrity, and personal values. Professional integrity begins with the responsibility to serve the needs of the community. Communities allow the professional the authority to set the standards of impotence and conduct of its members.Professionals are educated and supported by society, they have public trust; if that trust is violated it is a serious breach Of professional integrity. Professional integrity is the fundamental goals of the profession, (McDowell, 1996). Academic integrity has five fundamental values that characterize an academic community by integrity; they are honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility. Honesty is the quest for truth and knowledge; trust is the mutual trust that allows the free exchange of opinions and ideas. Fairness occurs when students, instructors, administrators need clear standards, practices, and procedures.Respect needs to be in place when a wide range of opinions and ideas are shared. Responsibility demands personal accountability on the part of all members and when in the wrong admitting the wrong integrity (Empire State College, 1999-2010). Personal values are your beliefs and ethics rolled into one; this usually begins how you were raised in your family and is closed tied to the family values. Personal values is what is right and wrong for a person; these values are determined by going in two directions, making a list of unreal values and picking the most important to you.It encourages you to select values you think you should have. Building a list from scratch on your life experiences; this is more rewarding and accurate (Lopper, 2007). Professional Values and Ethics Impact Career Success Before entering the professional world the student is faced with decisions around their own practice Of academic integrity. Cheating in higher education is rampant. .. And students of business are among the most dishonest, declared Levy and Rakish, (2006, p. 736) in an article margining the state of academic dishonesty in business school.With 56% of graduate students and 47% of undergraduates admitting to engaging in some form of cheating or questionable behavior (Caldwell 2010) it is likely that a young person at the beginning of their career has already breached the line between integrity and deceit. This comfort level with cheating increases the risk of repeating the same cheating behavior when carried to a career profession. Someone trying to anticipate consequences of cheating in their career need only look at the Enron phenomenon, or consider Tom Peters nonfatal when he was found guilty Of orchestrating a $3. 5 billion Opinion scheme. In a study of the affect of personal values on entrepreneurial success, Gray and Lyon (1998) concluded that successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs differ in their values profile as well as on several individual values. Successful entrepreneurs place higher emphasis on the values of freedom, independence, broadmindedness, and courage, and place less emphasis on wisdom, obedience, politeness, and responsibility. Personal values are the foundation to build professional and academic integrity.To be successful, arsenal values must be aligned with professional goals. An example that most will be familiar with is Steven Covey, a past professor of organizational behavior at Brigham Young University. Covey espouses personal values. He teaches the importance of personal values in business; be good, be honest, love thy neighbor, and uphold family values. It doesnt take much imagination to see the connection between these personal values and Coveys business success; he has half of the Fortune 500 companies on his 10,000-plus-client list; that is career success.After making a stance in the professional world, it comes fairly obvious that not only your managers and bosses take notice of your day-to-day activities. In recent years, a blend of economic, social, legal, and political events has had a profound effect not only on the behavior and performance of professionals, but also on the publics expectations of them, stated Mark S. Franken (1 989, 109), which elaborates on the professional value and ethics that each individual must demonstrate in the professional world.A single individual can make just as much a public impact as how the company operates as a whole. The values and ethics of an individual can cause a c hain reaction in people who may benefit or deter others from the company that individual is representing. For instance nursing in general has changed social and ethical practices taking their level of care from a global perspective to more of an individual perspective (Raisin, 614). One of the major factors for this change was to improve the personal care each individual received that in turn improved the opinions of the facility that the nurses worked in.In one example Of how ethics and personal values have been intertwined tit the business world, Lung and Cooper have implemented an ethics course into their accounting firm (Cooper, 406). The reason for this was to build trust in the community and to show the community that the accounting firm was working for their interests not just those of the firm.. The teachings covered areas of making money, creating happy customers and looking out for the company reputation and bottom line. The outcome of the ethics teachings showed that happy customers would make a profitable company and would grow the reputation of the company. Professional Values and Ethics Paper free essay sample Professional Values and Ethics Paper Rhonda Beron, Andrea De Los Santos, Emilie Goodman, and LaToya Sims GEN/200 August 16, 2010 Andrea Lara Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship among professional values, ethics, and career success. A persons personal values and ethics can influence their professional values and ethics in the workplace. Finding the right balance between personal and professional views in the workplace will help foster a successful career. This paper will cover professional values and ethics and how they can influence the success of a career. Also discussed is how professional values and ethics are based on the foundations of personal values, professional and academic integrity. Professional Values and Ethics Paper Ethics and Values Values refer to moral principles or other Judgments of worth. (Cambridge, 2006). Values are the personal beliefs and ideas of an individual or a social group. A persons values may determine the standards by which they measure the worth or importance of their life or how they choose to live their life, such as the religion they practice, or how they view education or social freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Values and Ethics Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ethics are defined as a Branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be Judged right or wrong. (Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, 2006) An individuals ethics determines how they deal with the right and wrong of certain actions as determined by their values or by society. A persons ethics may be defined by societys belief of what is ethically and morally acceptable. Professional ethics examines issues, problems, and the social responsibility of the profession itself and individual practitioners in the light of philosophical and, in ome contexts, religious principles among which are duty and obligation. (Wilcox, In the workplace individuals should learn to incorporate their personal 2003) values and ethics along with those that are required of the position and those that they are obligated to fulfill. The two should come together to create mutual understanding of the goals required to achieve success. Sources of professional values and ethics Professional values and ethics are based on the foundations of personal values, professional and, academic integrity. Integrity is the act of doing what is right even if here is no one is around. Personal values are comprised of an individuals integrity, morals, and ethics, the standards in which, an individual holds him or herself to. One must exercise personal values which in turn become the foundation professional values. Professional integrity derives its substance from the fundamental goals or mission of the profession (Wakin, 1996, Para. 15). Meaning to professional holds their responsibility to maintain and exceeds the level of their expertise. For example, a general practitioner will treat a variety of patients, from all ifferent walks of life with a plethora of different problems. It is their duty to diagnose and treat the patient to the best of their professional ability without prejudice. Another aspect of their duties is the principle of patient confidentiality. Medical professionals are legally bound to not divulge any information provided to them by their patients. Academic integrity can be summarized as the pursuance of higher education in a scholarly fashion and the value of learning without cheating or plagiarism. Despite clear policies for handling reported occurrences of lagiarism, and the inclusion of anti-plagiarism statements in course syllabi and university calendars, reports of both student and faculty plagiarism in universities has increased dramatically in the past decade (Paterson, Taylor, Usick, 2003). Fabrication or plagiarism could potentially devalue someones hard work and credibility, which is why ethics has been a growing concern in an academic environment. How professional values and ethics influence career success When it comes to being successful in a career, an employee needs to have professional values and ethics. Values are considered the standards by which a erson lives by. When it comes to professional values a persons standards will help a person succeed or fail in his or her career. Career success can be based on an individuals professional values and standards. Individuals create their personal goals to strive with their ambition and dedication to further them to a hirer position. Ethics are when an individual asks themselves if their decision will have a positive or negative effect. Professional values and ethics go hand-in-hand. Everyone has values and those values are set according to the individuals ethics and moral tandards. In todays working world people value honesty and hard work. However, there are times when employees have unprofessional work values and ethics, which causes coworkers to lose their expectations and the individuals respect and trust. When the employees are open and honest about their values and ethics, it creates a trusting relationship among employees, coworkers and managers. Employees are expected to represent the company in a professional manner. One example of unprofessional work ethics may be stealing money, goods, or products from a ompany. Another example would be employees cheating on their time cards. When an employee has unprofessional values and ethics while working for a company, there is a chance that he or she may not be promoted to a higher level position in the company. Possessing unprofessional values and ethics could cause a person to lose his or her Job or give him or herself and the company a bad reputation. If an employee can make a distinction between work values and ethics and personal values and ethics, this will help them to succeed in their career. Conclusion

Peloponnesian War (Research Pap.) Essay Example

Peloponnesian War (Research Pap.) Essay DESTINED FOR WAR Jarod Bleibdrey, M. S. C. J January 20, 2013 As humans have evolved into vast, complex civilizations, a growing trend became notable to mankind, which was corruption. Speculating that Herodotus was the first true historian, and Thucydides was the second, then the Peloponnesian War would be the first form of government corruption in which war became inevitable. At this point, the war varies in perception of the two great alliances, and why the war was even fought. This essay will demonstrate how the Peloponnesian War stood as a great example of how superpowers become thrust into battle with one another, based upon corruption, vast difference in lifestyles, and the urging from smaller entities. Focus will be on how both Athens and Sparta’s political, social and diplomatic systems forced them into battle, but the battles themselves are of little concern in this essay. It was the â€Å"behind the scenes† events that can best explain and summarize the war. With the focus laying upon the causes of the war, it becomes important to remember that, what began as a great alliance, turned into the devastation of Greece and allowed the conquest of Philip of Macedonia to commence. Let us begin with the culture of Athens and Sparta, in an attempt to explain the vast contrast within the two city-states. The Spartans were obsessed with their military superiority, while the Athenians were interested in comfort and culture. Granted, the Athenian Navy was the strongest maritime force of the age, but more on this when we get to corruption. We will write a custom essay sample on Peloponnesian War (Research Pap.) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Peloponnesian War (Research Pap.) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Peloponnesian War (Research Pap.) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The culture of Athens and Sparta was different to their core; everything from political to daily living conflicted, causing them to become competitive and distrustful of each other. The Spartan government was a very complex structure, which consisted of a dual monarchy, a warrior assembly (apella), a council of elders (gerousia) and the ephors. Herodotus claims that the two royal families of Sparta, which consisted of the Agiadai and Eurypontidai families, shared a common ancestry and could trace their lineage back to Herakles himself. Thus making the royal families by blood lines, which would be unable to be displaced, as opposed to that of military power, which could be overthrown. The kings were limited in their power as they only held command of the military. They had no influence in the laws which were left to the apella, gerousia and ephors. The apella was composed of every Spartan warrior who had reached the age of thirty. The apella’s primary functions included electing members for the gerousia, and the ephors. The apella held the ultimate power on matters of legislation and policy. The manner in which they voted was through a process of acclamation. Above the apella was the gerousia, which consisted of the two kings and twenty-eight members of Spartan warriors who had reached the age of sixty. The members elected into the gerousia served a life term, and could only be removed by the ephors. The true nature of the gerousia is unknown, but Herodotus wrote the gerousia could serve as a court to hear capital cases. The last political body of the Spartans and possibly the most important is that of the ephors. The five ephors were freely elected each year and attended much of the daily business of Sparta. Each month the kings and the ephors would exchange oaths, to which each pledged to uphold the position of the other. The ephors were the true controlling body of the Spartans, and thus resembled an oligarchy rule. It was this oligarchic rule of the ephors which insisted on the agoge, and placed Sparta into a militaristic focused city-state. The government in Athens followed a very different course than Sparta. Athenian citizens had the duty to vote or hold office. During the 6th century B. C. , Athens instituted a unique form of government in which the citizens had a direct say in the election of leaders. This early form of democracy was lead by Cleisthenes who created the Assembly, which comprised every citizen of Athens, and the Council of Five Hundred. This Council was comprised of fifty representatives from each of the Ten Tribes of Athens. This ensured each tribe had an equal say in the creation of laws and election of leaders. To ensure equality, the law was set that each member of the fifty from one of the ten tribes must not be related, nor hold the same occupation as any other member†¦to ensure there was no nepotism or common vestment. The Council of five hundred represented the legislative body of Athens. The executive power was placed within the Strategus, in which 10 generals were elected into office for one year terms, of these 10 strategi, one was elected as leader of the group and served as commander in chief. The judicial power of Athens was placed with the Areopagus, or the Supreme Court. This body was made up, primarily, of wealthy land owners who had been elected as archons (judges) in the past. This legislative, executive and judicial branched government is reminiscing to all modern day democracies. The major deviation from modern times being that Athens was a direct democracy, in which the citizens had to be present to vote. Each branch of the government was capable of vetoing one another, thus establishing a check and balance system. It was also customary to expel from the country, any speaker who became too powerful, in a process called ostracism. Every year the Council voted and one member would be ostracized (banished) for a period of ten years. Athens would vote by tossing colored rocks into a giant pot. This would be a very time consuming process as each topic would have orators speak on its behalf, and upon conclusion of the debate the voting would begin. The rocks were either white or black, where white stood for approve and black represented a denial. When choosing a person to ostracize, broken shards of pottery called ostrakon would be used with the intended person of exile name, etched onto the shard. After all votes were made, the numbers of each were tallied and the victor/ostracized proclaimed. This would take a long time and thus the Athenians prided themselves upon their dedication and attention to detail. This could have lead modern historians to view the Spartans as impulsive, and the Athenians as cautious. This has been a major misconception, as evident by the speech given by King Archidamus of Sparta, in which the Spartan King asked the council to exercise reason and caution before declaring war upon Athens. In turn, Pericles himself urged the Athenians to war against a dominant land army. Another difference between the two great city-states was their daily living and how it affected the trade in the two cities. The Athenian economy was heavily dependent upon foreign trade and because of their location on the Aegean Sea, maritime became life, and the sea meant life and livelihood. While trade was a necessity in Athens, Sparta relied upon their slave labor. The Helots (slaves) of Sparta were the driving force of Spartan agriculture, and allowed for Spartan’s excessive free time to translate into their dedication to the agoge. Since Sparta was cut off from the rest of Greece by two mountain ranges there was little trade being conducted, and thus alliances ere not a suitable strong point of Sparta. The Spartans rarely traveled from their city-state or allowed foreigners into it, thus making the only true vantage of joining Sparta, being that of their reputation in battle. With Sparta being an isolationist state, their perception would have been considered truth and fact, no matter what was written of them. One of the greatest differences between the Athenian and the Spartans regarded the ir attitude towards women. The role of women in the Greek city states of Athens and Sparta sheds light upon the acceptable values of their time. Spartan women had similar equality to their male counterpart (except for voting rights). Spartan women did little housework or sewing, as they relied upon their slave labor to conduct the daily chores. Due to the men being in the military and often away from home, the women had full authority over their households and were not forced into a life of only childbearing and housekeeping. Since Spartan women demonstrated a greater authoritative influence, the nation thrived and became a beacon of advancement, which would truly be a closer resemblance to modern civilizations than Athens. When Athenian girls came of age, their fathers offered them for marriage. Even as wives, they were required to stay indoors at all times, and their primary life tasks were child rearing, housework, and sewing, thus giving them no possibility to contribute to the Athenians development and culture. Sparta was uneasy, perpetually concentrating on war and the state of Sparta as a whole, while the Athenians focused their attention on comfort and found time to foster great thinkers in science, philosophy, literature†¦etc. With their differences in government, physical surroundings and views on women, Sparta and Athens represented the two very different ways a polis could have been back in the fifth century of Ancient Greece, and thus set them-selves on a crash course for supreme dominance, but war and battle would hold a true value to the Greeks, and so it was battles which lead to great alliances and enemies. In 478 BC, following the defeat of Xerxes invasion of Greece, Pausanias the Spartan led Hellenic forces against the Persians. He was an unpopular commander (who may have conspired with the Persians), and Sparta was eager to stop prosecuting the war. Sparta surrendered the leadership of the ongoing campaign to Athens, whom was eager to accept it. The Athenians now had their opportunity to take the reins and gain glory for themselves and Greece. The Delian League was inaugurated in 477 BC as an offensive and defensive alliance against Persia. The principal cities in the League were Athens, Chios, Samos, and Lesbos, but many of the principal islands and Ionian cities joined the league. Athens led the Delian League from the beginning, though at its founding the treasury was located on the island of Delos, and each state in the league had an equal vote. The assessment due from each state was assigned by Aristides the Just, leader of the Athenians; some members were assessed ships, others troops, others weapons, and others money. A council of all the cities met at Delos regularly, probably when bringing their assessment to the island. The turning point of the Delian league occurred in 461 BC, when Cimon was ostracized, and was succeeded in his influence by democrats like Ephialtes and Pericles. This signaled a complete change in Athenian foreign policy, neglecting the alliance with the Spartans and instead allying with her enemies, Argos and Thessaly. Megara deserted the Peloponnesian league and allied herself with Athens, allowing construction of a double line of walls across the Isthmus of Corinth, protecting Athens from attack from that quarter. Around the same time they also constructed the Long Walls connecting their city to the Piraeus, its port, making it effectively invulnerable to attack by land. The Athenian dominance within the Delian league was unmatched and unquestioned; this led to major changes within the Delian league and Athens. This progression and events will be discussed later within this essay. Reverting back, the Delian league was not the only alliance within Greece, as the Spartan lead Peloponnesian league also took root. In the second half of the 8th century B. C. , Sparta conquered Messenia, a state in the southwest of the Peloponnese. The land was turned over to Spartans and the Messenians turned into helots. The Messenians revolted in the middle of the next century, but after 17 years, the Spartans prevailed. By the time the Spartans were attacking the Arcadian city of Tegea, in the 6th century; her plans for the conquered citizens had changed. Tegea was made a dependent state obligated to furnish troops. Sparta soon created a confederacy of most of the other Peloponnesian states according them a similar arrangement: Sparta was in charge (known as the hegemon) and they would supply troops. Each had its own treaty and sent deputies to help in decision-making. This became known as the Peloponnesian League. Unlike that of the Delian League, the Peloponnesian league has no official start date, as each treaty was collected and approved over time and in that time the tag name of Peloponnesian league was given. This league was formed in recognition of Sparta’s dominance and no misconceptions of that were ever given. Each city-state that joined recognized Sparta’s military power as better than their own, and utilized the Peloponnesian League as a body guard against other city-states looking to invade them. Under the protection of the Spartans, their allies enjoyed a voice when they would have been forced to remain silent. Unlike Athens, the Spartans did not make their allies pay any tribute, but they did ensure they were governed by oligarchies (who would work in the interest of the Spartans). It is important to note: Argolis and Achaea were excluded from this league. Argos and Sparta had been at odds over the territory of Thyreatis. Their first battle had proved to be inconclusive, as the story goes, all but one on the Spartan side and two on the Argive side were killed. The Argives claimed the victory because more survived, and went back home. The Spartan stayed on the spot and therefore claimed he was the victor. The next time the two sides fought, the Argives clearly lost and forfeited the territory to Sparta. With two powerful alliances within Greece, one would conclude that war would have been inevitable; however, Sparta did not want to advance into war with Athens. Athens did not wish to advance into war with Sparta, but the corruption of Athens created a chain of events which spawned the forthcoming war. Thucydides expresses the cause of the Peloponnesian war to be that of Sparta’s jealousy and concern in Athens growing power. This is stated in Book 1 verse 23, when Thucydides states, â€Å"But the real reason for the war is, in my opinion, most likely to be disguised by such an argument. What made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this caused in Sparta. † This view point is, in my opinion, very closed minded to the whole. The history of the Delian league leads to a better perspective in that the Delian League, particularly the Athenians, were willing to force cities to join or stay in the League. As an example to this, let us examine Carystus, a city on the southern tip of Euboea, who was forced to join the League by military force of the Athenians. The justification for this was that Carystus was enjoying the advantages of the League (protection from pirates and the Persians) without taking on any of the responsibilities. Furthermore, Carystus was a traditional base for Persian occupations. The Athenian politicians had to justify these acts to Athenian voters in order to get votes, and so they utilized oration to sway the public vantage of the situation. Next is Naxos, a member of the Delian League, which attempted to secede, and was enslaved; Naxos is believed to have been forced to tear down her walls, lost her fleet, and her vote in the Delian League. Thucydides tells us that this is how Athens control over the League grew. â€Å"Of all the causes of defection that connected with arrears of tribute and vessels, and with failure of service, was the chief; for the Athenians were very severe and exacting, and made themselves offensive by applying the screw of necessity to men who were not used to and in fact not disposed for any continuous labor. In some other respects the Athenians were not the old popular rulers they had been at first; and if they had more than their fair share of service, it was correspondingly easy for them to reduce any that tried to leave the confederacy. The Athenians also arranged for the other members of the league to pay its share of the expense in money instead of in ships and men, and for this the subject city-states had themselves to blame, their wish to get out of giving service making most leave their homes. Thus while Athens was increasing her navy with the funds they contributed, a revolt always found itself without enough resources or experienced leaders for war. † -Thucydides At this point it is important to note that Thucydides is an Athenian General, and even though he offers a large writing to state he will approach his historical account with eyewitness testimony and scientific based method†¦he is bound to bias. Even the name most commonly known as the Peloponnesian War is biased upon the Athenian view point. In Spartan record, the war is referred to as the Athenian War. In ancient Greek writings the name of a battle is given to the opposing side, as to infer the enemy started the confrontation and modern translation is inclined to demonstrate this. If at this point one is resistant to this view point, I offer Thucydides own words when commenting on why Athens became the dictator of the Delian League, â€Å"We have done nothing surprising, nothing contrary to human nature, if we accepted leadership when it was offered and are now unwilling to give it up. -Thucydides With Thucydides now shown as biased record, the observation of what truly caused the Peloponnesian/Athenian war is to come to light. Athens and Sparta were the superpowers of ancient Greece, with only Corinth possessing the ability to be of notable mention in matching these powers. In 454 BC, Athens moved the treasury of the Delian League from Delos to Athens, allegedly to keep it safe from Persia. However, Plutarch indicates that many of Pericles rivals viewed the transfer as Athens way to utilize the leagues monetary resources to fund elaborate building projects. They also switched from accepting ships, men and weapons, to only accepting money. The new treasury established in Athens was used for many purposes, not all relating to the defense of members of the league. It was from tribute paid to the league that Athenians built the Acropolis and the Parthenon, as well as many other non-defense related expenditures. It was during this time, Donald Kagan expresses, and the Athenian Empire arose, as the technical definition of empire is a group of cities paying taxes to a central, dominant city, while keeping local governments intact. This is what began to occur within the Delian League. It was turning from an alliance to an empire†¦against the wishes of the league. With Athens now being the most powerful of the Delian league, the smaller city-states were obliged to remain†¦or join Sparta. The smaller city-states are, in my opinion, the true cause of the Peloponnesian War, as they began to bounce from an alliance with Athens to Sparta and vice versa. If Athens and Sparta are to be viewed as two boulders, connected by a single chain (which represents the smaller city states), as the chain pulls from one to the other†¦the boulders become destined to collide. This situation is reminiscing to England v. France, U. S. A. v. Russia (Cold War) and multiple other wars since the Peloponnesian War. Both sides had many opportunities for diplomacy to take effect, and the outcomes pushed force into the only method of resolution. Diplomacy in Sparta consisted of the allies of the Peloponnese to take up the forum and express their grievances. Corinth laid the foundation and even though the Spartan king attempted to refrain from entering into a war with Athens, the council voted to declare war upon Athens for their many violations of the peace treaty. With that, an ultimatum was sent to Athens; The Spartan assembly decreed that Athens should abandon the siege of Potidaea and should give Aegina her independence, but the chief point was that war could be avoided if Athens would revoke the Megarian decree which excluded the Megarians from all ports n the Athenian Empire and from the market in Attica itself. The Athenians focused upon the latter of the demands, (seeing as they would not yield to the first), and in this Pericles gives a riveting speech to the assembly stating that giving in to any of Sparta’s demands would be an act of submissiveness and that would, in turn, lead to Sparta dictating further A thenian actions. The council voted for war and thus the Athenian war began. This was the final attempt at diplomacy before the two juggernauts squared off against each other. Diplomacy, to this point, has kept the giants in their respective corners, but the inferior city-states pushed them into battle. The Spartans knew of their inferiorities on the ocean, and of their perpetual tether to their homeland†¦and in so, they were limited. The Athenians relied upon their superior numbers, finances, navy and arrogance to see them through as victors. On paper the battle was desperately in the Athenians favor, but Sparta was breed for war, and Athens had turned friends into enemies. Finally, it is important to remember Athens set out with great intention, as the Delian League was a symbol of unity and cohesive teamwork. With that great power, Athens became dependent upon the tributes and became a superpower of monumental stature. Athens then began punishing any of those that wished or attempted to defect from the Delian league. It is now apparent why the Delian league is synonymous with the Athenian Empire, and proof that power leads to corruption. About now, one remembers that Sparta won this conflict, (with the aid of the Persians), and became the supreme ruler of all Greece. True to the Peloponnesian league, Sparta instituted an oligarchy within the borders of Athens, and that lasted for thirty years. It was not corruption that led to the fall of the Athenian oligarchy; it was the people and their customization to democracy. The oligarchy was overthrown and democracy was instilled back into the polis. This demonstrates that not all subjective groups with power will abuse it, but when power is free to be grasped†¦beware. The story continues to demonstrate how Athens and Sparta were so devastated by fighting each other, that Philip of Macedonia was able to sweep in and conquer all of Greece. This set up the perfect opportunity for Alexander the Great, (Philips son) to conquer the known world and spread the greatness of Greece to all corners. Without the Peloponnesian War, Philip would probably not been able to conquer and the Hellenistic theology would have been confined. When viewing epic battles between the boulders of humanity, it is essential to remember; the outcome is necessary for the future line of events to occur. BIBLIOGRAPHY * Donald Kagan, 2003, The Peloponesian War, Publisher: Penguin Group (U. S. A) * Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London: Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) * Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy, trans. J. M. Moore (Berkeley California: University of California Press, 1975) * Paul Cartledge, 2002, The Spartans, Publisher: Vintage Publishing (New York) * Nic Fields, 2007, Thermopylae 480 BC: Last Stand of the 300, Publisher: Osprey Publishing (Oxford UK) * Karolos Papoulias, 2006, Athens-Sparta, Publisher: Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (U. S. A. ) * D. M. Macdowell, 1986, Spartan Law, Publisher: Penguin Group (Edinburgh Scot. ) * C. A. Hignett, 1952, History of the Athenian Constitution to the end of the fifth century B. C. Publisher: University of Oxford press (Oxford) * Yannis Lolos, 2006, The history of Athens from the eighth to the late fifth century B. C. , Publisher: Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (U. S. A) * Herodotus, The Histories,ed. John Marincola, trans. Aubrey De Selincourt (London: Penguin Group publishing, 2003) [ 1 ]. Herodotus, The Histories,ed. John Marincola, trans. Aubrey De Selincourt (London: Penguin Group publishing, 2003) Vers e 6. 52 [ 2 ]. Herodotus, The Histories,ed. John Marincola, trans. Aubrey De Selincourt (London: Penguin Group publishing, 2003) Verse 5. 6-60 [ 3 ]. Herodotus, The Histories,ed. John Marincola, trans. Aubrey De Selincourt (London: Penguin Group publishing, 2003) Verse 5. 40 [ 4 ]. Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy, trans. J. M. Moore (Berkeley California: University of California Press, 1975) Verse 15. 7 of Xenophon â€Å"The Politeia of the Spartans† [ 5 ]. Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy, trans. J. M. Moore (Berkeley California: University of California Press, 1975) taken from Aristotle’s The Constitution of Athens [ 6 ]. Aristotle, Xenophon, Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy, trans. J. M. Moore (Berkeley California: University of California Press, 1975) taken from Aristotle’s The Constitution of Athens [ 7 ]. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London: Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 79-85 [ 8 ]. Herodotus hints to this, but quickly states the facts are not there for condemning [ 9 ]. Kagan, 2003, The Peloponnesian War, Published by Penguin Group (U. S. A. ) [ 10 ]. Lolos, The history of Athens from the eighth to the late fifth century B. C. , 2006, Publisher: Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (U. S. A) [ 11 ]. Hegemon utilized by Thucydides to describe this relationship [ 12 ]. Cartledge, The Spartans, 2003, Publisher: Vintage Books (U. S. A) [ 13 ]. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London: Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 19 [ 14 ]. Fields, Thermopylae 480 B. C. , 2007, Publisher: Osprey Publishing (U. S. A) [ 15 ]. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London: Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 23 [ 16 ]. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London: Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 99 [ 17 ]. Cartledge, The Spartans, 2003, Publisher: Vintage Books (U. S. A) pg. 181 [ 18 ]. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London: Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 76 [ 19 ]. Kagan, 2003, The Peloponnesian War, Published by Penguin Group (U. S. A. ) [ 20 ]. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Rex Warner (London: Penguin Group Publishing, 1972) Verse 1. 39 [ 21 ]. I utilize the term Athenian war, because it was the Athenians who ultimately decided to engage in battle, as the Spartans were trying to appease their allies and avoid war as well.

The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essays

The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essays The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essay The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone Amadeus Fear Of Flying Package holidays have developed over time, these package holidays have grown with the increasing need of tourists. Package holidays include accommodation, transport and catering. After World War II in 1949, there was an appearance of the first jet airline. Entrepreneurs realised that there was a need for planes to transport passengers; this saw old military planes being transformed into charter flights. One of the first entrepreneurs was Vladimir Raitz, who in 1949 set up his own travel company called Horizon Holidays. He used a DC3 to carry thirty-two passengers to Corsica; this was the first package holiday, however, airfares were expensive, which meant that people continued to travel by steamship. Horizon Holidays in the meantime continued to grow by offering charter flights to Palma, Malaga and Tangiers. It was only in 1952 that airlines introduced the first tourist fares and in 1958 the first economy fares were offered. During the 1960s there was a growth in the amount of people who were travelling. People were able to afford holidays and employers offered paid holiday leave. It was during this time that more people became involved in the travel and tourism industry, and it became harder for tour operators to make a profit. As tourists began to book holidays, both the hoteliers and the airlines began to demand money in advance. On the other hand, to attract more customers, more money was spent on brochures and publicity. This forced tour operators to turn to banks for loans to cover the time between holidays being planned and sold. Bigger tour operators were able to convince hoteliers to build ski scrappers to accommodate more people, it was at this time that tour operators realised that aircrafts had to be improved and safety records had to be increased in order to attract more customers and overcome their fear of flying. During the 1970s more and more people were comfortable with flying, which saw the Transport Licensing Board receive more applications for route licences to transport their customers. It was in 1974 that there was a recession, which saw the price of oil double; the result of this was in the short term some countries saw a decrease in their visitor arrival figures but in the long run there was a rise in the number of inclusive tours sold. This was a shift, away from hotels to cheaper self-catering accommodation. In the 1980s there was a rise in exchange controls, which allowed tourists to travel for as long as they wanted without running out of money. Employers continued to give their employees paid holiday leave, which led to the expansion of winter sun and winter ski markets. There was also a growth in the city breaks market and long paid holidays and cheap airfares led to an increase in long haul package holidays. In the 1990s tourists had become more aware of package holidays and what was included, therefore they were expecting more e.g. quality hotels. People were also more conscious of environmental issues e.g. in May 2002; the Balearic Islands introduced a Euro per day eco-tax. There has also been an increase in eco-packages for tourists (World Tourism Association). Smaller specialist tour operators have found it difficult to compete with the bigger countries that offer cheaper prices. Long haul destinations are destinations that are more than five hours travelling time from the UK. Originally long haul holidays were considered a luxury, as it was expensive and time consuming to get to the destination and at this stage only wealthy tourists were able to experience long haul holidays. Over time, charter operators began to introduce scheduled flights on long haul routes and they used large modern aircrafts, which were capable of flying long distances without re-fuelling. With an introduction to these charter routes, they were able to offer cheaper airfares, which contributed to the growth of long haul holiday destinations. There was also a growth in self-catering resorts at the long haul holiday destinations. As tourists are prepared to sit on longer flights and in some cases transfer flights, they are reaching out to different long haul destinations. Three key long haul destination holidays are: * North America (USA and Canada) * Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) * Caribbean (Jamaica, St. Lucia and Barbados) They all have proved to be very popular with the British tourists. Kenya is another leading destination that offers safaris, beach holidays or a combination of both to tourists. Technological Innovations in the Travel and Tourism Industry: In the travel and tourism industry between the 1950s and today, there have been a number of technological developments. The two main areas involved are: transport technology and communication and information technology. Through improvements, transport technology has revolutionised passenger travel. Today a large number of passengers are transported by aircrafts, ships and trains quickly, safely and cost effectively. Technological advances and aircraft design, after World War II has seen air travel become a mass-market. The potential for air travel through the development of the jet engine meant that travel was fast, comfortable and affordable. It saw the joining of the tour operator and inclusive tour/package holiday become one e.g. Thomson Holidays Ltd offer combined transport accommodation, meals and resort services as one. The Boeing 707 jet airline service was first introduced in 1958 and has seen many improvements up to now, which has resulted in improved transport and has opened the market to foreign holidays. The foreign market was opened as these planes/aircrafts could carry more passengers quickly and cost effectively over longer distances. Other transport technology includes rail and ferries e.g. Eurostar, PO Ferries, Hover Speed and Brittany Ferries. They have all improved their services and lowered their prices. Smaller airline companies, such as; Ryan Air, Easy Jet and Go offer low price tickets in order to retain a market share. Communications and information technology has allowed major airlines to use computers as soon as soon as they became commercially available in the 1960s, to try and automate reservation operations. The British Overseas Airways Co-operation (BOAC) took the first step towards computerisation and they developed the Electronic Reservation System (ERS). IBM and Sperry Univac were working with emerging database software to try and improve on the Passenger Airline Reservation System- (PARS). Later, IBM developed the International Passenger Airlines Reservation System (IPARS) to accommodate the growth of international air travel. Computer Reservation Systems (CRS) and Global Distribution Systems (GDS) revolutionised airline tickets, package holidays, hotel accommodation and other travel and tourism products. GDS were developed from individual airline reservations, which have merged/amalgamated into four major global reservation systems; they are, Sabre, Galileo, Amadeus and World Span. This has allowed co-operations such as, Thomson Holidays Ltd to operate throughout the world and develop partnerships with agencies and tour operators. The CRS have given airlines an advantage as it allows travel agents to use reservation terminals to book seats, which means there is an increase in seat sales for the airlines and a reduction in the operating expenses. On the other hand, travel agents have a competitive advantage, as it is quicker and cheaper to make an airline reservation by a computer terminal than by telephone. The development of the Internet and interactive digital television, has allowed consumers to make their own travel purchases, because of this many airlines, tour operators and travel agents now have on-line bookings. Changes in Socio-Economic Circumstances: Since World War II there have been many factors, which have contributed to the growth of the travel and tourism industry. They are: An increase in the time available for travel activities- legislation dictates that employees are entitled to a paid holiday once a year. In 1951 sixty-six per cent of manual workers were allowed two weeks paid holiday leave, by 1970 fifty-two per cent of workers had three or more weeks paid holiday leave and by the 1990s holiday entitlement had risen to four or five weeks per year. The entitlement of paid holiday leave has helped the UK travel and tourism industry to grow, as consumers now take short holiday breaks in addition to their main holiday. In the 1950s the average working week was fifty hours but now typical hours range from thirty-seven to forty hours per week. This allows workers more flexibility in their jobs and working hours. Increase in disposable income- disposable income is the money that the average person has left over once all the bills are paid. In the UK disposable income has risen, which has led to an increase in consumer spending on holidays and in the travel and tourism industry. The state of the economy affects the amount of disposable income that consumers have, in the 1980s there was an economic boom in the UK, which led to a demand for overseas travel but the early 1990s saw a recession in the UK, which led to a decrease in demand for tourism products. The column graph below shows the increase in disposable income in the UK: Source: Social Trends 31 Improved transport systems and mobility- the UK has a wide and varied transport network, which means that most people have access to some form of transport. This transport network has made travel and tourism facilities more accessible. Car ownership is responsible for the increase in tourism as it is a means of transport for domestic holidays in the UK. The Channel Tunnel has led to an increase in car holidays abroad and the improvement in road networks has allowed access to countryside leisure activities. The column graph below shows the increase in car ownership per household in the UK: Source: Social Trends 30 Changing Needs, Expectations and Fashions: Overtime the travel and tourism industry has gone through many changes, these changes have been dictated by changing customer needs, expectations and the changing fashions. Throughout the ages there has been an improvement in technology e.g. aircrafts have become faster and quicker, this has led to customers changing their holiday destinations from local places to exotic locations. In the 1960s, UK residents tended to have short holiday breaks, mainly at the seaside and holiday centres at this stage were very popular as they catered for all tourists needs e.g. accommodation, catering and leisure activities. As aircraft technology made air travel accessible and affordable for tourists, they started taking holiday breaks abroad and for longer periods of time. Tourists started expecting affordable holidays to destinations such as, Spain and Portugal, which led to the introduction of package holidays. As tourists travelled more often to short haul destinations, they started to develop a desire to explore further a field, which has led to increased long haul holidays. Tourists expectations of air travel and their desire to travel further in the quickest time has led to the improvements in aircrafts and the introduction of planes, such as the Concorde. Once tourists have reached their chosen holiday destination, they expect all their needs to be fulfilled. Different needs by tourists has led to different holiday packages being introduced e.g. full board, half board, bed and breakfast, self-catering etc. Tourists expect the place they are staying at to provide adequate accommodation (price paid is in line with board offered), the food provided is what tourists would like to eat and the activities offered encourage leisure and recreation.

Ben Hou Lodge And Characteristics Of Market Segment Case Study

Ben Hou Lodge And Characteristics Of Market Segment - Case Study Example This is due to the fact that in business while selling a product the nationality of that specific country from where the product is created does not matter, and the product is always sold to the global market for maximum profits. The target customers would have extremely high expectations regarding the quality of the product. They would want to have the highest quality of the product which they have been promised from the Lodge and therefore it is important that the Lodge contains the best luxuries money can buy for these rich people to have a laidback leisure time away from work. It should have high-quality furniture at the resort and there should be a good amount of people to look after the guest. There should be great artwork in the rooms of the resort and the food should be made by the best of the chefs from all over the world. The entire ambiance of the place should be conducive for the retreat of the elite few from the rest of the world, and therefore the resort has to make sure that all their needs and demands should be met according to the highest standards possible. The implications for the Lodge are really promising. The Lodge has developed a safari ride for its high flying customer’s horse trekking, photography and other outdoor related activities. The resort has been converted into a game reserve and the response to this place has been very positive. The managers of the retreat think that the best way of marketing is to spread the word about the place through those people who have visited the place and have appreciated the beauty of the place. Publicity and public relations have been the main way through which marketing has been done for the retreat and it has been working out perfectly well for now. The implications for the place are bright and the future looks solid for a good business. It is not difficult for the Lodge to conduct marketing research since the segment for the  market has already been defined as the filthy rich people.  

Free Trade Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free Trade Agreement - Essay Example n geopolitical issues, economic factors and industrial innovation issues which should be considered before a FTA deal is signed between any two countries (Cooper, Manyin and Platzer 2). The US will be able expand its automobile and manufacturing industry in to South Korea by the strong economic alliance formed between the two countries. Historically, FTA like the North American Free Trade Agreement has tripled both exports and imports between the member states since tariffs are cheaper. In my view, the FTA would add $ 20 billion to bilateral trade which last year was estimated to level $ 78 billion. The US stands to gain $ 40 billion from the FTA (Cooper, Manyin and Platzer 16). According to available data for 2006, only 5,000 American manufactured cars enter South Korea market while 800,000 South Korean cars are imported in to the US (Choe 16). The FTA will help in reducing $ 13 billion US dollars deficit which is attributed to net imports of automobiles. Since the FTA calls for zero tariffs on American auto entering South Korea after the fifty year, the US auto and manufacturing industry will increase its productivity (Choe 16). The FTA will impose peace and stability in the Middle East. South Korea is interested in expanding its market into US since the economy is dependent on exports which account for 70% of the GDP. The US is the second largest market of South Korea export hence it has sought to gain competitiveness through the FTA. South Korea has in the past imposed high taxation rates on automobile imports hence creating inefficiency in the market which 95% is dominated by the local manufacturers (Cooper, Manyin and Platzer 26). In order to achieve the economic benefits of the FTA, I recommend that you support the FTA. In case you have any questions or clarifications, please feel free to conduct me at†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.I look forward to cooperating with you in supporting the

Literature Review: Access to Care for Addicts

Literature Review: Access to Care for Addicts Hettema, J., Sorensen, J. L. (2009). Access to Care for Methadone Maintenance patients in the United States. International Journal Mental Health Addiction. 7 (3) 468-474. DOI:10.1007/s11469-9204-6 This paper was presented to increase the awareness of individual with Opiates treatment programed Dependency are denied access to residential treatment. Although, Methadone Maintenance Therapy has been proven to reduce illicit drug use, improve psychosocial functioning, ability to keep employment, decrease criminal activities, and contracting HIV, AIDS, and Hepatitis. There are great concerns for those clients in Methadone Maintenance Therapy who need more intensive treatment. MMT does provide basic medical screening, dosing, and outpatient counseling. The more services provided for the client leads to a better outcome. The study found that treatment dose measured by number of days in treatment, number of treatment session attended and number of services received leads to a positive outcome. Some factors to consider are limited availability of residential treatment, insurance payment and the impact of abstinence philosophy. Mainstream views addiction as a moral problem rather than a medical issue. Hettema Sorensen (2009) identifies philosophical differences separates mental health and addiction services is hard to integrate. Society regards methadone as a necessary evil. There are ongoing empirically evaluated treatment approaches who do not follow an abstinence oriented philosophy. There are issues with the Americans with Disability Act because client is being denied services because of their use of a prescribed for their substance dependency. There are ambiguities in the interruption of that. The author is not aware of any litigation now. Ducharme, L.J., Knudsen, H.K., Roman, P. M. (2006). Evidence-based treatment for Opiate-Dependent clients: availability, variation, and organization correlates. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 32.569-576. DOI: 10;1080/009529906000920417 This article examines the availability and correlates with evidence-based practices for opiates dependence in the United States. This research sampled addiction treatment with and without MMT services. This article also examined community based treatment programs with MMT units as one of their modalities. The researchers included both methadone available and non-methadone setting, then compared the number and type of service available to users. The method used was a data analyses collected in 2002-2003 national representative sample of addiction treatment centers in public and private sector. There was extensive face to face interviews conducted with administrators and clinical directors of 763 treatment center. The data collected in 2002-2003 face to face interviews included  organizational characteristic, size, ownership, accreditation, staffing, treatment practice methadone availability, level of care, pharmacotherapies, wraparound service, The findings suggested the majority of opiate dependents clients are not in Methadone Clinics. Many agencies are not willing to refer opiates dependent patient. to MMT. The opiate dependence client would benefit from the referral that uses evidence practices if referred. The research suggests further study to determine which opiate dependence client would benefit from evidence client care. Parks, C., Fullerton, C.A., Kim, Meekee, Montejano,, L., Lyman, Russell, Dougherty, R. H., Daniels A. S., Ghose, S. S., Delphin- Rittmon, M. E.., (2013). Medication-Assisted Treatment with Buprenorphine: assessing the evidence. Psychiatric Services in Advance.DOI10.1176/appi.ps201300256 This article reviews Buprenorphine treatment as an alternative to Methadone Maintence Treatment for long term treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. Buprenorphine is not considered as abstinence treatment. The purpose of buprenorphine is to reduce or eliminate opioid use. The authors conducted the research that examined abstracts of identical articles for compliance with the review. The research provided evidence of the effectiveness of improving treatment retention and decreasing illicit opioid use. The evidence is growing both BMT and MMT improved pregnancy outcomes. Ongoing treatment is necessary.