The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essays

The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essays The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essay The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone Amadeus Fear Of Flying Package holidays have developed over time, these package holidays have grown with the increasing need of tourists. Package holidays include accommodation, transport and catering. After World War II in 1949, there was an appearance of the first jet airline. Entrepreneurs realised that there was a need for planes to transport passengers; this saw old military planes being transformed into charter flights. One of the first entrepreneurs was Vladimir Raitz, who in 1949 set up his own travel company called Horizon Holidays. He used a DC3 to carry thirty-two passengers to Corsica; this was the first package holiday, however, airfares were expensive, which meant that people continued to travel by steamship. Horizon Holidays in the meantime continued to grow by offering charter flights to Palma, Malaga and Tangiers. It was only in 1952 that airlines introduced the first tourist fares and in 1958 the first economy fares were offered. During the 1960s there was a growth in the amount of people who were travelling. People were able to afford holidays and employers offered paid holiday leave. It was during this time that more people became involved in the travel and tourism industry, and it became harder for tour operators to make a profit. As tourists began to book holidays, both the hoteliers and the airlines began to demand money in advance. On the other hand, to attract more customers, more money was spent on brochures and publicity. This forced tour operators to turn to banks for loans to cover the time between holidays being planned and sold. Bigger tour operators were able to convince hoteliers to build ski scrappers to accommodate more people, it was at this time that tour operators realised that aircrafts had to be improved and safety records had to be increased in order to attract more customers and overcome their fear of flying. During the 1970s more and more people were comfortable with flying, which saw the Transport Licensing Board receive more applications for route licences to transport their customers. It was in 1974 that there was a recession, which saw the price of oil double; the result of this was in the short term some countries saw a decrease in their visitor arrival figures but in the long run there was a rise in the number of inclusive tours sold. This was a shift, away from hotels to cheaper self-catering accommodation. In the 1980s there was a rise in exchange controls, which allowed tourists to travel for as long as they wanted without running out of money. Employers continued to give their employees paid holiday leave, which led to the expansion of winter sun and winter ski markets. There was also a growth in the city breaks market and long paid holidays and cheap airfares led to an increase in long haul package holidays. In the 1990s tourists had become more aware of package holidays and what was included, therefore they were expecting more e.g. quality hotels. People were also more conscious of environmental issues e.g. in May 2002; the Balearic Islands introduced a Euro per day eco-tax. There has also been an increase in eco-packages for tourists (World Tourism Association). Smaller specialist tour operators have found it difficult to compete with the bigger countries that offer cheaper prices. Long haul destinations are destinations that are more than five hours travelling time from the UK. Originally long haul holidays were considered a luxury, as it was expensive and time consuming to get to the destination and at this stage only wealthy tourists were able to experience long haul holidays. Over time, charter operators began to introduce scheduled flights on long haul routes and they used large modern aircrafts, which were capable of flying long distances without re-fuelling. With an introduction to these charter routes, they were able to offer cheaper airfares, which contributed to the growth of long haul holiday destinations. There was also a growth in self-catering resorts at the long haul holiday destinations. As tourists are prepared to sit on longer flights and in some cases transfer flights, they are reaching out to different long haul destinations. Three key long haul destination holidays are: * North America (USA and Canada) * Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) * Caribbean (Jamaica, St. Lucia and Barbados) They all have proved to be very popular with the British tourists. Kenya is another leading destination that offers safaris, beach holidays or a combination of both to tourists. Technological Innovations in the Travel and Tourism Industry: In the travel and tourism industry between the 1950s and today, there have been a number of technological developments. The two main areas involved are: transport technology and communication and information technology. Through improvements, transport technology has revolutionised passenger travel. Today a large number of passengers are transported by aircrafts, ships and trains quickly, safely and cost effectively. Technological advances and aircraft design, after World War II has seen air travel become a mass-market. The potential for air travel through the development of the jet engine meant that travel was fast, comfortable and affordable. It saw the joining of the tour operator and inclusive tour/package holiday become one e.g. Thomson Holidays Ltd offer combined transport accommodation, meals and resort services as one. The Boeing 707 jet airline service was first introduced in 1958 and has seen many improvements up to now, which has resulted in improved transport and has opened the market to foreign holidays. The foreign market was opened as these planes/aircrafts could carry more passengers quickly and cost effectively over longer distances. Other transport technology includes rail and ferries e.g. Eurostar, PO Ferries, Hover Speed and Brittany Ferries. They have all improved their services and lowered their prices. Smaller airline companies, such as; Ryan Air, Easy Jet and Go offer low price tickets in order to retain a market share. Communications and information technology has allowed major airlines to use computers as soon as soon as they became commercially available in the 1960s, to try and automate reservation operations. The British Overseas Airways Co-operation (BOAC) took the first step towards computerisation and they developed the Electronic Reservation System (ERS). IBM and Sperry Univac were working with emerging database software to try and improve on the Passenger Airline Reservation System- (PARS). Later, IBM developed the International Passenger Airlines Reservation System (IPARS) to accommodate the growth of international air travel. Computer Reservation Systems (CRS) and Global Distribution Systems (GDS) revolutionised airline tickets, package holidays, hotel accommodation and other travel and tourism products. GDS were developed from individual airline reservations, which have merged/amalgamated into four major global reservation systems; they are, Sabre, Galileo, Amadeus and World Span. This has allowed co-operations such as, Thomson Holidays Ltd to operate throughout the world and develop partnerships with agencies and tour operators. The CRS have given airlines an advantage as it allows travel agents to use reservation terminals to book seats, which means there is an increase in seat sales for the airlines and a reduction in the operating expenses. On the other hand, travel agents have a competitive advantage, as it is quicker and cheaper to make an airline reservation by a computer terminal than by telephone. The development of the Internet and interactive digital television, has allowed consumers to make their own travel purchases, because of this many airlines, tour operators and travel agents now have on-line bookings. Changes in Socio-Economic Circumstances: Since World War II there have been many factors, which have contributed to the growth of the travel and tourism industry. They are: An increase in the time available for travel activities- legislation dictates that employees are entitled to a paid holiday once a year. In 1951 sixty-six per cent of manual workers were allowed two weeks paid holiday leave, by 1970 fifty-two per cent of workers had three or more weeks paid holiday leave and by the 1990s holiday entitlement had risen to four or five weeks per year. The entitlement of paid holiday leave has helped the UK travel and tourism industry to grow, as consumers now take short holiday breaks in addition to their main holiday. In the 1950s the average working week was fifty hours but now typical hours range from thirty-seven to forty hours per week. This allows workers more flexibility in their jobs and working hours. Increase in disposable income- disposable income is the money that the average person has left over once all the bills are paid. In the UK disposable income has risen, which has led to an increase in consumer spending on holidays and in the travel and tourism industry. The state of the economy affects the amount of disposable income that consumers have, in the 1980s there was an economic boom in the UK, which led to a demand for overseas travel but the early 1990s saw a recession in the UK, which led to a decrease in demand for tourism products. The column graph below shows the increase in disposable income in the UK: Source: Social Trends 31 Improved transport systems and mobility- the UK has a wide and varied transport network, which means that most people have access to some form of transport. This transport network has made travel and tourism facilities more accessible. Car ownership is responsible for the increase in tourism as it is a means of transport for domestic holidays in the UK. The Channel Tunnel has led to an increase in car holidays abroad and the improvement in road networks has allowed access to countryside leisure activities. The column graph below shows the increase in car ownership per household in the UK: Source: Social Trends 30 Changing Needs, Expectations and Fashions: Overtime the travel and tourism industry has gone through many changes, these changes have been dictated by changing customer needs, expectations and the changing fashions. Throughout the ages there has been an improvement in technology e.g. aircrafts have become faster and quicker, this has led to customers changing their holiday destinations from local places to exotic locations. In the 1960s, UK residents tended to have short holiday breaks, mainly at the seaside and holiday centres at this stage were very popular as they catered for all tourists needs e.g. accommodation, catering and leisure activities. As aircraft technology made air travel accessible and affordable for tourists, they started taking holiday breaks abroad and for longer periods of time. Tourists started expecting affordable holidays to destinations such as, Spain and Portugal, which led to the introduction of package holidays. As tourists travelled more often to short haul destinations, they started to develop a desire to explore further a field, which has led to increased long haul holidays. Tourists expectations of air travel and their desire to travel further in the quickest time has led to the improvements in aircrafts and the introduction of planes, such as the Concorde. Once tourists have reached their chosen holiday destination, they expect all their needs to be fulfilled. Different needs by tourists has led to different holiday packages being introduced e.g. full board, half board, bed and breakfast, self-catering etc. Tourists expect the place they are staying at to provide adequate accommodation (price paid is in line with board offered), the food provided is what tourists would like to eat and the activities offered encourage leisure and recreation.

Ben Hou Lodge And Characteristics Of Market Segment Case Study

Ben Hou Lodge And Characteristics Of Market Segment - Case Study Example This is due to the fact that in business while selling a product the nationality of that specific country from where the product is created does not matter, and the product is always sold to the global market for maximum profits. The target customers would have extremely high expectations regarding the quality of the product. They would want to have the highest quality of the product which they have been promised from the Lodge and therefore it is important that the Lodge contains the best luxuries money can buy for these rich people to have a laidback leisure time away from work. It should have high-quality furniture at the resort and there should be a good amount of people to look after the guest. There should be great artwork in the rooms of the resort and the food should be made by the best of the chefs from all over the world. The entire ambiance of the place should be conducive for the retreat of the elite few from the rest of the world, and therefore the resort has to make sure that all their needs and demands should be met according to the highest standards possible. The implications for the Lodge are really promising. The Lodge has developed a safari ride for its high flying customer’s horse trekking, photography and other outdoor related activities. The resort has been converted into a game reserve and the response to this place has been very positive. The managers of the retreat think that the best way of marketing is to spread the word about the place through those people who have visited the place and have appreciated the beauty of the place. Publicity and public relations have been the main way through which marketing has been done for the retreat and it has been working out perfectly well for now. The implications for the place are bright and the future looks solid for a good business. It is not difficult for the Lodge to conduct marketing research since the segment for the  market has already been defined as the filthy rich people.  

Free Trade Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free Trade Agreement - Essay Example n geopolitical issues, economic factors and industrial innovation issues which should be considered before a FTA deal is signed between any two countries (Cooper, Manyin and Platzer 2). The US will be able expand its automobile and manufacturing industry in to South Korea by the strong economic alliance formed between the two countries. Historically, FTA like the North American Free Trade Agreement has tripled both exports and imports between the member states since tariffs are cheaper. In my view, the FTA would add $ 20 billion to bilateral trade which last year was estimated to level $ 78 billion. The US stands to gain $ 40 billion from the FTA (Cooper, Manyin and Platzer 16). According to available data for 2006, only 5,000 American manufactured cars enter South Korea market while 800,000 South Korean cars are imported in to the US (Choe 16). The FTA will help in reducing $ 13 billion US dollars deficit which is attributed to net imports of automobiles. Since the FTA calls for zero tariffs on American auto entering South Korea after the fifty year, the US auto and manufacturing industry will increase its productivity (Choe 16). The FTA will impose peace and stability in the Middle East. South Korea is interested in expanding its market into US since the economy is dependent on exports which account for 70% of the GDP. The US is the second largest market of South Korea export hence it has sought to gain competitiveness through the FTA. South Korea has in the past imposed high taxation rates on automobile imports hence creating inefficiency in the market which 95% is dominated by the local manufacturers (Cooper, Manyin and Platzer 26). In order to achieve the economic benefits of the FTA, I recommend that you support the FTA. In case you have any questions or clarifications, please feel free to conduct me at†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.I look forward to cooperating with you in supporting the

Literature Review: Access to Care for Addicts

Literature Review: Access to Care for Addicts Hettema, J., Sorensen, J. L. (2009). Access to Care for Methadone Maintenance patients in the United States. International Journal Mental Health Addiction. 7 (3) 468-474. DOI:10.1007/s11469-9204-6 This paper was presented to increase the awareness of individual with Opiates treatment programed Dependency are denied access to residential treatment. Although, Methadone Maintenance Therapy has been proven to reduce illicit drug use, improve psychosocial functioning, ability to keep employment, decrease criminal activities, and contracting HIV, AIDS, and Hepatitis. There are great concerns for those clients in Methadone Maintenance Therapy who need more intensive treatment. MMT does provide basic medical screening, dosing, and outpatient counseling. The more services provided for the client leads to a better outcome. The study found that treatment dose measured by number of days in treatment, number of treatment session attended and number of services received leads to a positive outcome. Some factors to consider are limited availability of residential treatment, insurance payment and the impact of abstinence philosophy. Mainstream views addiction as a moral problem rather than a medical issue. Hettema Sorensen (2009) identifies philosophical differences separates mental health and addiction services is hard to integrate. Society regards methadone as a necessary evil. There are ongoing empirically evaluated treatment approaches who do not follow an abstinence oriented philosophy. There are issues with the Americans with Disability Act because client is being denied services because of their use of a prescribed for their substance dependency. There are ambiguities in the interruption of that. The author is not aware of any litigation now. Ducharme, L.J., Knudsen, H.K., Roman, P. M. (2006). Evidence-based treatment for Opiate-Dependent clients: availability, variation, and organization correlates. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 32.569-576. DOI: 10;1080/009529906000920417 This article examines the availability and correlates with evidence-based practices for opiates dependence in the United States. This research sampled addiction treatment with and without MMT services. This article also examined community based treatment programs with MMT units as one of their modalities. The researchers included both methadone available and non-methadone setting, then compared the number and type of service available to users. The method used was a data analyses collected in 2002-2003 national representative sample of addiction treatment centers in public and private sector. There was extensive face to face interviews conducted with administrators and clinical directors of 763 treatment center. The data collected in 2002-2003 face to face interviews included  organizational characteristic, size, ownership, accreditation, staffing, treatment practice methadone availability, level of care, pharmacotherapies, wraparound service, The findings suggested the majority of opiate dependents clients are not in Methadone Clinics. Many agencies are not willing to refer opiates dependent patient. to MMT. The opiate dependence client would benefit from the referral that uses evidence practices if referred. The research suggests further study to determine which opiate dependence client would benefit from evidence client care. Parks, C., Fullerton, C.A., Kim, Meekee, Montejano,, L., Lyman, Russell, Dougherty, R. H., Daniels A. S., Ghose, S. S., Delphin- Rittmon, M. E.., (2013). Medication-Assisted Treatment with Buprenorphine: assessing the evidence. Psychiatric Services in Advance.DOI10.1176/appi.ps201300256 This article reviews Buprenorphine treatment as an alternative to Methadone Maintence Treatment for long term treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. Buprenorphine is not considered as abstinence treatment. The purpose of buprenorphine is to reduce or eliminate opioid use. The authors conducted the research that examined abstracts of identical articles for compliance with the review. The research provided evidence of the effectiveness of improving treatment retention and decreasing illicit opioid use. The evidence is growing both BMT and MMT improved pregnancy outcomes. Ongoing treatment is necessary.

Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children Essay

Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children Introduction Question 1 Â   Â   Â   Â  This research describes a research that is both qualitative and quantitative. To start with, the research can be said to use quantitative research method because it employs the use of the top down scientific method of research. Throughout the research, the researchers make use of quantitative data that involves the analysis of a number of variables like the preference of certain foods by some children and attraction to certain advertisements by some children. Moreover, the research uses quantitative research which involves the use of data that can be measured. For example, the number of children who took certain types of foods and the number of adverts that every child was shown. The main use of quantitative data in the research is to understand the behavior patterns of the children. Question 2 Â   Â   Â   Â  This research summary describes cross-sectional study which is also referred to as prevalence. This is because the research involves collecting data from a number of students who represent a large population. The study applied in the research summary is mainly descriptive and uses a small sample of students from a larger children population in England. In addition, the research summary describes cross sectional study because the findings can be used to describe the prevalence risk ratio of the concerned population. Question 3 Â   Â   Â   Â  The research summary is full of evidence to indicate that the researchers concerned did everything possible to ensure that the exercise was carried out ethically. The first evidence of attention to ethics was to inquire from the children involved whether they wished to take part in the exercise. This is important because nobody should be coerced into taking part in any study. Moreover, the researchers involved made sure that the advertisements that were used in the study were sourced from children and family programming. This is important because it ensured that the adverts did not contain any explicit contents. Question 4 Â   Â   Â   Â  The type of experiment contained in the research summary is a quasi-experiment. This is because all the independent variables used in the experiment like the age of the children, their gender and body mass index are things that already exist in the sample population. Unlike in a true experiment where people are assigned to different condition, all the children involved in the study were assigned to the same conditions. Question 5 Â   Â   Â   Â  Some of the variables that the experimenters considered were the weight of the children, exposure to TV food adverts, different types of foods and the amount of foods consumed by each child. The independent variable used in the experiment is the amount of food given to the children and the food adverts they were exposed to. The dependent variables that were used in this research were the effect of food adverts on the amount of food consumed by each child and relationship between the weight of a child and his/her ability to recognize food adverts. Question 6 Â   Â   Â   Â  The main reason why the researchers used commercials of non- food product was to see whether the children would remember the adverts that they had seen in general. The main role of non-food commercials was to test whether they would attract the attention of the children the same way with food adverts. Question 7 Â   Â   Â   Â  The conclusion at the end of the research summary suggests that there is a correlation between viewing TV and childhood obesity. This means that there exists a relationship between viewing too much TV and increased food intake. However, it is worthy noting that the relationship between the two is mutual or complementary. Question 8 Â   Â   Â   Â  There are two things that i would do differently if I were conducting this experiment. To begin with, I take into consideration the rate of physical activity in every child. This is because they extra calories consumed by each child could be used due to physical activity therefore reducing the probability of obesity. Secondly, I would consider factors that may lead to excessive viewing of TV like limited parental involvement and lenient parental rules. Reference Halford, J. C. G., Gillespie, J., Brown, V., Pontin, E. E., & Dovey, T. M. Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children, 2004. Print Source document

Conflict and war are inevitable in life

We are going to be discussing â€Å"Conflict and war are inevitable in life.† First of all, you cannot imagine a world without conflict and war as they are happening every day. Human beings are prone to conflict and war. War and peace are like Ying and Yang. They are combined and nothing can separate it. Needless wars occur around the world endlessly. Conflicts which are occurring now are: 1. Riots e.g: In Egypt. According to the BBC website, over 100 people have been killed due to the riots. You can disagree by saying† however, the police in Egypt are controlling the riots and rioters begin to decrease by each day according to the BBC. This shows that conflicts can be resolved is not inevitable.† 1. Our fellow teachers, like our Mr Harland are going on strike this Wednesday due to their pensions. This is out of the context however this is still a way of causing troubles in our society. â€Å"They are doing this because if they don’t they won’t be able to survive anymore. It won’t be fair on them would it?† Let’s think back a few years. Racism was very common in the United States and in many parts of Europe. Conflict and wars were created due to racism. People had to suffer in order to survive. Americans used coloured people (black) as slaves to do their bidding. This was inevitable in life! Yes it was a tragedy however that too has been resolved. People change their ways to a greater good. Rosa Parks was an extraordinary example. She stood up towards the white people and due to this, racism was soon abolished. So if it wasn’t for Rosa Parks, would racism have gone even further? Would I be sitting here having this discussion? Wars also occurred and are still occurring in around the globe. For example 1. Afghanistan. The British have to assist as well which endangers many soldiers and innocent people who did not want any of this to occur. All this happened because of one man. (Gadaffi). We are still trying to maintain peace around the world by assisting those in need. However, isn’t helping in the war going to increase the number of battles fought and how many more should have to die? I have also heard that the war in Sri Lanka has ended and people are rebuilding their lives. Wars get created and solved all the time. The Ultimate goal of war and conflict in my opinion is because of jealousy towards a person or people and for the satisfaction of human needs. Even in Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony and Octavius go up against Brutus and Cassius in a needless war. Why should people have to die without any cause or reason? This is exactly why war and conflict are inevitable in life.

Application Of Community Health And Population Focused...

Application of Community health and Population-Focused Nursing Description of Community Los Angeles, a metropolis based in southern California, is known for its ethnically diverse population and known for being home to the entertainment industry. The city itself lies within a coastal basin and is sided on three ends with mountains which scale over 3,000 meters. It covers 502 square miles with a population of 3.8 million. It is the most populated county in the United States and has the third largest economy in the world with focuses in entertainment, media, science, sports, medicine, education, research, and fashion. California was originally a Spanish territory and was declared part of Mexico in 1821 in result of the Mexican war of†¦show more content†¦Cultural breakdown of Los Angeles shows it is 48.3% Hispanic or Latino, 17.5% White, 14.6% Asian, 9.2% Black or African American, 1.5% Native American, and 2.9% reporting two or more races. Leading Causes of Death/Mortality Public health provided by Los Angeles county showed that heart disease (specifically coronary heart disease) was the leading cause of death across both genders, amongst all ethnic groups, and among persons aged 65 and older. Cancer was the second leading cause of death, and stroke being the third. (http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/docs/HealthNewsMortality-10-13.pdf, 2013) Obesity is of major growing concern as it carries a major risk for heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes; the county and academy of pediatrics has enacted Healthy for Life, to assist students from kindergarten through twelfth grade in early recognition and education for diseases and health concerns. Healthcare Access It is reported that approximately 2.7 million individuals in Los Angeles have no health insurance and that approximately 2 million of those individuals are between the ages of 18 and 64. Reports also show that approximately 1 out of 4 children (under the age of 18) are uninsured. Those without healthcare insurance are less likely to have access to preventative services and regular source of care. The Healthy People 2000 goal warrants for everyone to have health insurance. Latinos report